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Snowcover distribution and melt in a High Arctic extensive wetland
Jane Assini and Kathy L. Young, York University, CANADA ABSTRACT High Arctic wetlands store and cleanse water as well as provide habitat to a vast array of arctic plant and animal species. Hydrologic understanding of these critical ecosystems, especially extensive ones is presently lacking, hindering our ability to understand their short-term and long-term sustainability to climate variability and warming. In northern environments, snow is considered the predominate input of fresh water to most of these wetlands and therefore warrants attention. This study examined the end-of-winter snow cover and melt pattern at Polar Bear Pass, Bathurst Island, Nunavut (98o 30’ W, 75o 40’ N). This large, low-gradient wetland (ca. 100 km2) is characterized by a number of different terrain units (ponds, wet meadows, lakes) and is bordered on the northern and southern edges by rolling hills. Late-lying snowbeds occur in the lee of the slopes and numerous stream valleys divide the bordering hills. Extensive snow surveys were conducted along pre-determined transects representative of the different terrain units of the wetland described above. Snow depth and density measurements were recorded to determine the end-of-winter snowcover (SWE, mm). A physically-based snowmelt model allowed snowmelt to be determined for the wetland and was verified with direct ablation measurements and aerial photography. Preliminary results indicate that protected sites (late lying snowbeds and stream channels) accumulated more snow than windswept plateaus and ponds. Melt rate varied with terrain type. Exposed plateau areas and ponds melted out earlier and faster than protected sites. Comparison of results from 2008 to 2009 will also focus on inter-annual variability in response to climate. |