The hydrometric and hydrochemical role of channel icing (aufeis) on streamflow in a subarctic, subalpine watershed


Jessica Boucher, Carleton University, CANADA

ABSTRACT

Aufeis, a mass of layered channel ice that forms due to successive overflow and freezing events of winter baseflow, can significantly influence streamflow during freshet, yet is largely ignored in our conceptual and numerical models of runoff hydrology. For alpine discontinuous permafrost catchments, it is unclear what hydrometric and hydrochemical influence aufies has during the spring melt period. The specific research objectives of this study are to: 1) quantify the total pre-melt volume of aufeis; 2) determine the chemical signature of aufeis, via isotopic and hydrochemical analysis; and 3) apply a multi-component chemical hydrograph separation to determine aufeis contribution to streamflow. Research was undertaken within Granger Basin, an 8km2 sub-catchment of the Wolf Creek Research Basin, Yukon Territory, Canada. Aufeis was surveyed using GPR and GPS, and 8 ice cores were extracted for chemical analysis. Snow surveys were conducted to determine basin-wide snow water equivalent and melt rates. Continuous measurements of discharge and water quality parameters were obtained throughout freshet. Preliminary analysis suggests that aufeis has a hydrochemical signature between that of deep groundwater and snow. At the onset of freshet, aufeis had little influence on streamflow quality and quantity, although it did alter flow pathways causing large backwater effects. In the later stages of melt, aufeis provided an identifiable yet small influence on stream chemistry. For headwater basins in this environment it is channel snow, not aufies, which provides much of the freshet meltwater. The most notable influence of aufies is its alteration of flow pathways and timing of discharge.