A multi-year perspective on snowmelt runoff generation in an alpine subarctic catchment


Sean K. Carey, Carleton University, CANADA

ABSTRACT

Stable isotopes and geochemical mixing methods have been used in many environments to discriminate the sources of water that contribute to streamflow. Typically, these investigations have limited data and focus on one given year or a select number of rainfall-runoff events that satisfy the limitations of hydrograph separation methods. In this research, snowmelt hydrograph separations are investigated over four years for an alpine discontinuous permafrost basin using stable isotopes of water, chloride, and continuous time series of specific conductance. Results indicate a wide range in snowmelt versus pre-event (groundwater) contributions among the study years. In years when snowmelt is rapid, a greater fraction of freshet is derived from snowmelt water. In contrast, years with a prolonged snowmelt allow greater infiltration and soil mixing and groundwater dominates the freshet hydrograph. The total snow water equivalent does not appear to have a major influence on the fraction of snowmelt or pre-event water. Additionally, different conservative tracers provide a range of mixing values for a given year, casting uncertainty upon the efficacy of using a single tracer for chemical hydrograph separation.