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Defining Pan-Arctic terrestrial moisture budgets using high-resolution atmospheric and snow modeling tools
Glen E. Liston1, Christopher A. Hiemstra1 and Matthew Sturm2
ABSTRACT Our long-term objective is to understand the roles of snow and other moisture budget components in the terrestrial Arctic system’s seasonal progression. To accomplish this objective, we have developed a collection of atmospheric and snow modeling tools used to define spatial and temporal variations in each term of the Arctic moisture budget. This collection of modeling tools includes SnowModel, a spatially-distributed snow-evolution modeling system designed for application in all landscapes, climates, and conditions where snow occurs. SnowModel-simulated processes include snow accumulation; blowing-snow redistribution and sublimation; forest canopy interception, unloading, and sublimation; snow-density evolution; and snowpack ripening and melt. Meteorological forcings required by SnowModel are provided by MicroMet, a physically-based, high-resolution meteorological distribution model. MicroMet employs relationships among meteorological variables and the surrounding landscape to generate distributions of air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and direction, incoming shortwave and longwave radiation, surface pressure, and precipitation required to drive SnowModel. We have applied these modeling tools across a pan-Arctic domain, simulating each term in the terrestrial moisture budget, including precipitation, static-surface and blowing-snow sublimation, wind redistribution of snow, canopy interception and sublimation, storage on the ground, and melt. Model simulations were performed using a 5-km grid increment. Associated with these moisture budget calculations are simulations of each term in the surface energy budget. In addition, we are developing methods to understand and quantify errors associated with each term in the moisture and energy budgets, and their associated uncertainties.
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